martes, 4 de agosto de 2009
martes, 14 de julio de 2009
Adjetivos comparativos y superlativos
ADJETIVOS COMPARATIVOS.
1. Añade "er" a los adjetivos que tienen una sílaba, como la palabra "big" (grande). Añadir "er" a los adjetivos de dos sílabas que terminan en "y", cambiando la letra "y griega" por una "i", como la palabra "happy" (feliz), que se convierte en "happier". Después de la forma adjetiva, añada "than."
Adjective + er + than
2. Añade "more" cuando el adjetivo tiene dos o más sílabas, como la palabra "expensive". "more" se coloca delante del adjetivo y al adjetivo le sigue "than".
more + adjective + than
Portafolio de evidencias:
En forma individual, elaborar un listado de adjetivos que mejor describan a los miembros de su familia, incluyéndose ustedes mismos.
Contesta el siguiente ejercicio anotando en los espacios el adjetivo en su forma correcta.
1. Robert´s family live in a ___________( big ) house.
2. Henry is __________ (tall ) and ________ (fat ) than javier.
3. Louisa, henry´s wife, is _________ (young ) and _________ (short ) than her husband.
4. Robert is _________ (thin ) than his brother.
5. Susy , the baby, is ____________(pretty) than her brothers.
Find the opposites of these adjectives in the ad.
1. heavy_______________________________
2. slow _______________________________
3. big _________________________________
4. ugly ________________________________
5. cheap______________________________
3. Listen and circle the words you hear. Then listen again and answer the questions.
Smaller Bigger Lighter Heavier
Faster Prettier More powerful Better
More expensive uglier cheaper slower
1
. Which computer does the boy prefer? 2. Does he want to buy a computer? 3. What does he want?
Complete (write) the table.
ADJECTIVE COMPATATIVE
small __________________(than)
light __________________(than)
big __________________(than)
______________________ heavier (than)
______________________ better (than)
powerful________________(than)
______________________ More expensive (than)
Read the messages and answer the questions.
1. Which message is an answer?
2. Which product does the writer recommend? Why?
MESSAGE 1
I’m looping for a new laptop, but I don’t have a loto f Money.
I thing the Orange X is good. But what about the Super X?
MESSAGE 2
I need a new cell phone. Is the Motola F23 better than the Sam X3? Help, please!
MESSAGE 3
The Sami s more expensive than the Motola, but it’s lighter, smaller and more attractive. I think it’s better! So, buy the Sam!
ADJETIVOS SUPERLATIVOS
Forman el superlativo según el doble método seguido por los adjetivos:
soon = soonest / beautifully = most beautifully
Para formar el superlativo añadiremos al adjetivo -est, además el adjetivo irá precedido del artículo The.
Por ejemplo, al adjetivo old (viejo) le añadimos -est: the oldest (el más viejo/mayor)
Ejemplo:
My father is the oldest. (Mi padre es el más mayor)
My house is the largest. (Mi casa es la más grande)
Contesta las siguientes preguntas en inglés:
1. Who is the oldest person in your family?
2. How old is he/ she?
3. Who is the second oldest in your family?
4. Who is the youngest in your family?
DEFINICION=
-Comparativos : Los comparativos comparan dos o más cosas.
Ejemplo. Pedro es más alto que María.
Pedro is taller than María.
A los comparativos cortos, es decir, a los de una o dos sílabas, en inglés se le añade -er.
Ejemplo : larger=más grande
longer=más largo
colder=más frío
Comparativos largos
Los comparativos largos son aquellos que tienen más de dos sílabas y se construyen con MORE+adj.+THAN. Ej :
Estos sofás son más cómodos que los otros Those sofas are more comfortable than the others.
PRACTICA
Escribe una oración comparativa con los adjetivos : handsome, beautiful, boring, expensive.
Reglas Ortográficas para la formación de comparativos y superlativos cortos.
1.Si un adjetivo acaba en consonante+vocal acentuada +consonate se le repite la última consonante y se añade -er. Ejemplo :
Hot=calor , hotter= más calor.
2. Si un adjetivo acaba en "e" se le añade solamente la "r" para formar el comparativo.
Ejemplo : large=grande, larger=más grande.
3. Si el adjetivo acaba en consonante + y, la Y se convierte en "i" +er. Ejemplo : dirty=sucio dirtier=más sucio.
Haz los comparativos de los siguientes adjetivos y adverbios: dirty, fast, wide, hot, cold, white, heavy, large, cheap, small, dry, thin, wet, fat, easy, clean, light, early
SUPERLATIVOS Y COMPARATIVOS DE IGUALDAD. E INFERIORIDAD
SUPERLATIVO : se traduce por EL MAS y se forma para los adjetivos cortos :
THE + adjetivo o adverbio+ EST. Ej: She is the tallest= ella es la más alta.
-para los adjetivos largos : THE MOST+ADJ o ADV. Ej: She is the most boring= ella es la más aburrida.
Comparativo de igualdad
AS+ADJ.+AS=TAN......COMO
NOT SO+ADJ.+AS= no tan....como
Ej : She´s as nice as the flowers
SO + ADJ.+THAT= TAN + ADJ + COMO
TANTO-TANTAS... COMO:
SO MUCH + NOMBRE SINGULAR + THAT
SO MANY + NOMBRE PLURAL + THAT
TANTO QUE=SO MUCH THAT
COMPARATIVO Y SUPERLATIVO DE INFERIORIDAD.
Comparativo: less + adjetivo o adverbio + than. Ej: he is less intelligent than you= él es menos inteligente que tú.
Superlativo: the least + adjetivo o adverbio. Ej: he is the least slow= él es el menos lento.
Comparativos y Superlativos Irregulares.
good/ better than/ the best
bueno/mejor/ el mejor
bad/worse than/ the worst
malo/peor/ el peor
far/further from/the furthest
lejos/más lejano/ el más lejano
much/ more / the most
mucho/más/ lo más
little/ less/ the least
poco/menos/ lo menos
PRACTICE
Complete these sentences with the correct form of the adjectives given in brackets and translate them into Spanish :
1.Spain is (large) than Portugal =larger
2. I always buy the (good) pen I can find.=best
3. This pencil is too expensive. I don´t want the (expensive), I want the (cheap)=most expensive, the cheapest.
4. This pen is (bad) than Peter´s. =worse
5. Your house is (good) than my house, but Bill´s is the (good) of the three=better, the best
6. This is the (long) and (important) street in the town.= longest, the most important
7. He was the (rich) man in the world. But he wasn´t the (happy) one= richest, happiest
8. Rich people aren´t always (happy) than poor people.=happier
9. Perhaps to be poor is (good) than to be rich.= better
MORE COMPARATIVES:
- (YA) no.......más : si indica cantidad (no more, any more si lleva negación)
- Cuanto más (menos)...........más (menos) = the.......-er, the........-er. Ej: Cuanto antes llegues mejor = The sooner you arrive, the better.
-Cada vez más = -er and -er. Ej: La televisión es cada vez más aburrida = TV is getting more and more boring. (todo depende si el adjetivo o adverbio es largo o corto).
-Tanto.....Como = Both.....and.... Ej: Tanto mis padres como los tuyos son del mismo pueblo. Both my parents and yours come from the same village.
- Más.... que el que = more....than the one
- Más..... del que= more.... than
- No más de (que) = no more than / Only
Contesta las siguientes preguntas acerca de tus compañeros de clase:
1.- Who is wearing the most complete uniform today?
___________________________________________________
2.-Who has the curliest hair?
___________________________________________________
3.-Who has the longest name?
___________________________________________________
4.-Who has the largest shoe?
___________________________________________________
5.-Who has the nicest notebook?
___________________________________________________
6.-Who has the most brothers and sisters?
___________________________________________________
7.-Who brings the most books to class?
___________________________________________________
8.- Who is the best singer in the class?
___________________________________________________
9.- Who has studied english the longest?
___________________________________________________
10.-Who traveled the farthest to come to this school?
___________________________________________________
1. Añade "er" a los adjetivos que tienen una sílaba, como la palabra "big" (grande). Añadir "er" a los adjetivos de dos sílabas que terminan en "y", cambiando la letra "y griega" por una "i", como la palabra "happy" (feliz), que se convierte en "happier". Después de la forma adjetiva, añada "than."
Adjective + er + than
2. Añade "more" cuando el adjetivo tiene dos o más sílabas, como la palabra "expensive". "more" se coloca delante del adjetivo y al adjetivo le sigue "than".
more + adjective + than
Portafolio de evidencias:
En forma individual, elaborar un listado de adjetivos que mejor describan a los miembros de su familia, incluyéndose ustedes mismos.
Contesta el siguiente ejercicio anotando en los espacios el adjetivo en su forma correcta.
1. Robert´s family live in a ___________( big ) house.
2. Henry is __________ (tall ) and ________ (fat ) than javier.
3. Louisa, henry´s wife, is _________ (young ) and _________ (short ) than her husband.
4. Robert is _________ (thin ) than his brother.
5. Susy , the baby, is ____________(pretty) than her brothers.
Find the opposites of these adjectives in the ad.
1. heavy_______________________________
2. slow _______________________________
3. big _________________________________
4. ugly ________________________________
5. cheap______________________________
3. Listen and circle the words you hear. Then listen again and answer the questions.
Smaller Bigger Lighter Heavier
Faster Prettier More powerful Better
More expensive uglier cheaper slower
1
. Which computer does the boy prefer? 2. Does he want to buy a computer? 3. What does he want?
Complete (write) the table.
ADJECTIVE COMPATATIVE
small __________________(than)
light __________________(than)
big __________________(than)
______________________ heavier (than)
______________________ better (than)
powerful________________(than)
______________________ More expensive (than)
Read the messages and answer the questions.
1. Which message is an answer?
2. Which product does the writer recommend? Why?
MESSAGE 1
I’m looping for a new laptop, but I don’t have a loto f Money.
I thing the Orange X is good. But what about the Super X?
MESSAGE 2
I need a new cell phone. Is the Motola F23 better than the Sam X3? Help, please!
MESSAGE 3
The Sami s more expensive than the Motola, but it’s lighter, smaller and more attractive. I think it’s better! So, buy the Sam!
ADJETIVOS SUPERLATIVOS
Forman el superlativo según el doble método seguido por los adjetivos:
soon = soonest / beautifully = most beautifully
Para formar el superlativo añadiremos al adjetivo -est, además el adjetivo irá precedido del artículo The.
Por ejemplo, al adjetivo old (viejo) le añadimos -est: the oldest (el más viejo/mayor)
Ejemplo:
My father is the oldest. (Mi padre es el más mayor)
My house is the largest. (Mi casa es la más grande)
Contesta las siguientes preguntas en inglés:
1. Who is the oldest person in your family?
2. How old is he/ she?
3. Who is the second oldest in your family?
4. Who is the youngest in your family?
DEFINICION=
-Comparativos : Los comparativos comparan dos o más cosas.
Ejemplo. Pedro es más alto que María.
Pedro is taller than María.
A los comparativos cortos, es decir, a los de una o dos sílabas, en inglés se le añade -er.
Ejemplo : larger=más grande
longer=más largo
colder=más frío
Comparativos largos
Los comparativos largos son aquellos que tienen más de dos sílabas y se construyen con MORE+adj.+THAN. Ej :
Estos sofás son más cómodos que los otros Those sofas are more comfortable than the others.
PRACTICA
Escribe una oración comparativa con los adjetivos : handsome, beautiful, boring, expensive.
Reglas Ortográficas para la formación de comparativos y superlativos cortos.
1.Si un adjetivo acaba en consonante+vocal acentuada +consonate se le repite la última consonante y se añade -er. Ejemplo :
Hot=calor , hotter= más calor.
2. Si un adjetivo acaba en "e" se le añade solamente la "r" para formar el comparativo.
Ejemplo : large=grande, larger=más grande.
3. Si el adjetivo acaba en consonante + y, la Y se convierte en "i" +er. Ejemplo : dirty=sucio dirtier=más sucio.
Haz los comparativos de los siguientes adjetivos y adverbios: dirty, fast, wide, hot, cold, white, heavy, large, cheap, small, dry, thin, wet, fat, easy, clean, light, early
SUPERLATIVOS Y COMPARATIVOS DE IGUALDAD. E INFERIORIDAD
SUPERLATIVO : se traduce por EL MAS y se forma para los adjetivos cortos :
THE + adjetivo o adverbio+ EST. Ej: She is the tallest= ella es la más alta.
-para los adjetivos largos : THE MOST+ADJ o ADV. Ej: She is the most boring= ella es la más aburrida.
Comparativo de igualdad
AS+ADJ.+AS=TAN......COMO
NOT SO+ADJ.+AS= no tan....como
Ej : She´s as nice as the flowers
SO + ADJ.+THAT= TAN + ADJ + COMO
TANTO-TANTAS... COMO:
SO MUCH + NOMBRE SINGULAR + THAT
SO MANY + NOMBRE PLURAL + THAT
TANTO QUE=SO MUCH THAT
COMPARATIVO Y SUPERLATIVO DE INFERIORIDAD.
Comparativo: less + adjetivo o adverbio + than. Ej: he is less intelligent than you= él es menos inteligente que tú.
Superlativo: the least + adjetivo o adverbio. Ej: he is the least slow= él es el menos lento.
Comparativos y Superlativos Irregulares.
good/ better than/ the best
bueno/mejor/ el mejor
bad/worse than/ the worst
malo/peor/ el peor
far/further from/the furthest
lejos/más lejano/ el más lejano
much/ more / the most
mucho/más/ lo más
little/ less/ the least
poco/menos/ lo menos
PRACTICE
Complete these sentences with the correct form of the adjectives given in brackets and translate them into Spanish :
1.Spain is (large) than Portugal =larger
2. I always buy the (good) pen I can find.=best
3. This pencil is too expensive. I don´t want the (expensive), I want the (cheap)=most expensive, the cheapest.
4. This pen is (bad) than Peter´s. =worse
5. Your house is (good) than my house, but Bill´s is the (good) of the three=better, the best
6. This is the (long) and (important) street in the town.= longest, the most important
7. He was the (rich) man in the world. But he wasn´t the (happy) one= richest, happiest
8. Rich people aren´t always (happy) than poor people.=happier
9. Perhaps to be poor is (good) than to be rich.= better
MORE COMPARATIVES:
- (YA) no.......más : si indica cantidad (no more, any more si lleva negación)
- Cuanto más (menos)...........más (menos) = the.......-er, the........-er. Ej: Cuanto antes llegues mejor = The sooner you arrive, the better.
-Cada vez más = -er and -er. Ej: La televisión es cada vez más aburrida = TV is getting more and more boring. (todo depende si el adjetivo o adverbio es largo o corto).
-Tanto.....Como = Both.....and.... Ej: Tanto mis padres como los tuyos son del mismo pueblo. Both my parents and yours come from the same village.
- Más.... que el que = more....than the one
- Más..... del que= more.... than
- No más de (que) = no more than / Only
Contesta las siguientes preguntas acerca de tus compañeros de clase:
1.- Who is wearing the most complete uniform today?
___________________________________________________
2.-Who has the curliest hair?
___________________________________________________
3.-Who has the longest name?
___________________________________________________
4.-Who has the largest shoe?
___________________________________________________
5.-Who has the nicest notebook?
___________________________________________________
6.-Who has the most brothers and sisters?
___________________________________________________
7.-Who brings the most books to class?
___________________________________________________
8.- Who is the best singer in the class?
___________________________________________________
9.- Who has studied english the longest?
___________________________________________________
10.-Who traveled the farthest to come to this school?
___________________________________________________
Adverbios de frecuencia
Distingue adverbios de frecuencia, los más usuales son:
•always=siempre.•usually=usualmente.
•often=a menudo.
•seldom=rara vez.
•rarely=rara vez.
•sometimes=algunas veces.
•ever=nunca, jamás.
•never=nunca, jamás.
•not...ever= nunca.
Ubicación de los adverbios de frecuencia...
Existen dos reglas básicas para colocarlos en una oración.
1. Si la oración lleva el verbo "TO BE" (am, is, are) el adverbio de frecuencia se coloca DESPUES DEL VERBO.
Ejemplos:
I'm USUALLY in a hurry (Generalmente estoy apurado);
He's NEVER at home (El nunca está en casa); We are OFTEN at school (Estamos a menudo en la escuela).
2. Si la oración es negativa, el adverbo de frecuencia se coloca DESPUES de la partícula not o contracción negativa (isn't, aren't).
Ejemplo: I'm not USUALLY in a hurry (Generalmente no estoy apurado). Sin embargo, con otro sentido, el adverbio de frecuencia puede ser utilizado antes de la partícula not.
Ejemplo: I'm USUALLY not very pessimistic (Generalmente soy poco pesimista).
3. Si la oración lleva CUALQUIER OTRO VERBO (play, have, watch, etc.) el adverbio de frecuencia se coloca DELANTE DEL VERBO.
Ejemplos:
They USUALLY have dinner at 8:00 (Ellos cenan usualmente a las ocho);
I NEVER play tennis on Saturdays (Nunca juego tennis los sábados);
She OFTEN goes to the movies (Ella va a menudo al cine).
Listen and repeat.
I always have breakfast.
I usually have breakfast.
I often have breakfast.
I sometimes have breakfast.
I seldom have breakfast.
I never have breakfast.
Siempre tomo el desayuno.
Usualmente (generalmente) tomo el desayuno.
A menudo (Frecuentemente) tomo el desayuno.
Algunas veces tomo el desayuno.
Raras veces tomo el desayuno.
Nunca tomo el desayuno.
Do you usually have tea?
Do you ever have tea?
¿Tomas el té usualmente (generalmente)?
¿Tomas el té alguna vez?
I don't usually have tea.
I don't often have tea.
I don't ever have tea. Generalmente no tomo el té.
No tomo el té a menudo (frecuentemente).
No tomo nunca el té.
Aquí tienes diez oraciones en las cuales deberás ELEGIR LA UBICACION exacta de los ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA indicados al final de cada una. Recuerda las explicaciones.
1. What do you ________ have_________ for breakfast? (usually)
2. I__________ am _________ sick. (never)
3. Do you__________ eat____________ breakfast at work? (ever)
4. I_________ have breakfast__________ at my desk. (sometimes)
5. Do you_________eat rice_____________ for dinner? (ever)
6. I________ have eggs, bacon, and toast___________on Sundays. (always
7. In the winter it__________ is________ very cold here. (often)
8. She________ isn't_________ home in the evenings. (usually)
9. My kids________ are__________ late for school. (seldom)
10. We don't________ have rice____________ at home. (often)
FORMULA 1 Racing today
Tom Nelson is an instructor at the formula 1 Driving School in Sonoma,California. Tom likes discipline and routine, and he always gets up at 5:30, even on weekends. He usually runs before breakfast, but sometimes, two or three times a week, he does aerobics. Tom eats healthy food, and he rarely eats dessert. He never drinks coffee and he doesn’t smoke. Tom says you have to be healthy to be a winner, in Formula 1 racing or any other sport, and Tom is usually right.
Read the paragraph and translate to Spanish.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Match the phrases with the verbs in the box.
a) eat b) play c) drink d) get up e) study f) go to bed.
1. ___d,f,____early. 4. __________basketball, soccer, cards.
2. __________late 5. __________fast food, in a restaurant, sugar.
3. __________sodas, water, coffee. 6. __________on weekends, in the evening.
Portafolio de evidencias:
• Write sentences about your habits. Write one sentence with each frequency adverb.
Game: Guess Who.
• Play in groups of six.
• Choose a reader and give all your sentences to that person.
• Listen to each group of sentences and try to guess who wrote them.
Auxiliar Can/Can't
Debido a que la t final de CAN'T no se pronuncia con fuerza, es posible que a veces creas estar escuchando CAN. La pronunciación de CAN'T nunca se reduce mientras que la de CAN suele reducirse en oraciones completas pero no en respuestas cortas. Observa con atención...
I can swim Can I swim? Yes, I can I can
Tu atencion por favor...
En inglés existe un grupo de verbos DEFECTIVOS (también llamados MODALES) -muy usados en el lenguaje corriente- con el significado de poder, deber, querer.
Estos verbos poseen generalmente sólo el presente y el pasado, y presentan algunas características comunes:
1. Su infinitivo NUNCA va precedido de TO como los verbos comunes (to go, to read, to play, etc).
2. En las formas negativa e interrogativa se comportan como el verbo auxiliar to be que ya has aprendido.
3. No toman la s en la tercera persona del singular del presente (he, she, it).
4. Siempre les sigue un verbo en infinitivo sin to.
El verbo defectivo que estas estudiando es el verbo can. Veamos..
CAN significa poder, ser capaz de, saber (tener capacidad física o conocimiento suficiente para hacer algo). Se utiliza tanto para el afirmativo como para el interrogativo y SIN auxiliares:
Auxiliar can / can’t
Debido a que la t final de CAN'T no se pronuncia con fuerza, es posible que a veces creas estar escuchando CAN. La pronunciación de CAN'T nunca se reduce mientras que la de CAN suele reducirse en oraciones completas pero no en respuestas cortas. Observa con atención...
I can swim Can I swim? Yes, I can I can
Tu atencion por favor...
En inglés existe un grupo de verbos DEFECTIVOS (también llamados MODALES) -muy usados en el lenguaje corriente- con el significado de poder, deber, querer.
Estos verbos poseen generalmente sólo el presente y el pasado, y presentan algunas características comunes:
1. Su infinitivo NUNCA va precedido de TO como los verbos comunes (to go, to read, to play, etc).
2. En las formas negativa e interrogativa se comportan como el verbo auxiliar to be que ya has aprendido.
3. No toman la s en la tercera persona del singular del presente (he, she, it).
4. Siempre les sigue un verbo en infinitivo sin to.
El verbo defectivo que estas estudiando es el verbo can. Veamos...
CAN significa poder, ser capaz de, saber (tener capacidad física o conocimiento suficiente para hacer algo).
Se utiliza tanto para el afirmativo como para el interrogativo y SIN auxiliares:
He CAN play tennis
(Puede jugar tenis; Es capaz de jugar tenis; Sabe jugar tenis).
CAN he play tennis?
(¿Puede jugar tenis?; ¿Es capaz de jugar tenis?; ¿Sabe jugar tenis?).
CAN'T es la forma contracta o reducida de CANNOT (nunca se escribe separado):
He CAN'T play tennis = He CANNOT play tennis
(No puede jugar tenis; No es capaz de jugar tenis; No sabe jugar tenis).
COLOQUIALMENTE, SON MUY UTILIZADAS LAS FORMAS CORTAS:
Yes, she CAN
(Sí, puede hacerlo; Sí, es capaz de hacerlo; Sí, sabe hacerlo)
No, she CAN'T
(No, no puede hacerlo; No, no es capaz de hacerlo; No, no sabe hacerlo)
I can swim.
Can you swim very well?
Yes, I can. Puedo nadar.
¿Puedes nadar muy bien?
Sí, puedo.
You can swim.
Can I swim very well?
Yes, you can. Puedes nadar.
¿Puedo nadar muy bien?
Sí, puedes.
She can swim.
Can she swim very well?
Yes, she can. (Ella) Puede nadar.
¿Puede (ella) nadar muy bien?
Sí, (ella) puede.
Can he swim very well?
No, he can't. He can't swim. ¿Puede (él) nadar muy bien?
No, (él) no puede. (El) no puede nadar.
Can we swim very well?
No, we can't. We can't swim. ¿Podemos nadar muy bien?
No, no podemos. No podemos nadar.
Can they swim very well?
No, they can't. They can't swim.
¿Pueden (ellos / as) nadar muy bien?
No, (ellos / as) no pueden.
(Ellos / as) no pueden nadar.
Forma afirmativa: nombre o pronombre + verbo aux. modal can + verbo simple.
I can play.
He can swim.
El verbo Can no tiene infinitive (no existe to can), solo tiene presente (can)
Forma negativa: nombre o pronombre + verbo aux. modal can + not + verbo simple + complemento.
I can not play foot ball.
He can not swim.
Forma interrogativa: Verbo aux. modal can + nombre o pronombre + verbo simple + complemento.
Can I play foot ball?
Can he swim?
Elabora 5 oraciones en la forma afirmativa con el aux. modal can.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Elabora cinco oraciones negativas con el auxiliar modal can´t.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Elabora 5 oraciones interrogativas con el auxiliar modal can.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Which of the following sentences apply to you?
a) I can remember faces, but I can’t remember names.
b) I’m very athletic, but sometimes I have problems with school subjects.
C) I can remember things if read them.
d) I can remember things if read them.
Listen to the sentences and underline the stressed word in each. Then circle the correct option to complete (write) the sentences.
1. I can swim 2. I can’t swim.
The most important difference in pronunciation between can and can’t is…
a) The final t The word that is stressed.
Listen and repeat these sentences.
1. I can solve difficult Match problems. 3. She can sing well.
2. I can’t run very fast 4. He can’t play tennis.
Real world: I can do it.
• Work in groups of four.
• Use the ideas in the pictures to talk about your abilities.
A: I can speak English well B: I can’t play soccer.
Work in pairs. Ask about your partner’s abilities.
Guess his or her main intelligences.
A. Can you write poetry? B. Yes, I can./ No, I can’t.
Read these tips for language learning for the different intelligences. Say which strategies you think can help you
VERBAL
Write example sentences with new vocabulary words and gramar. Read as much as possible in English.
MATHEMATICAL
You like order and logical. Learn grammatical formulas and write and example for each formula . Organize new vocabulary lists.
VISUAL/SPATIAL
Grammatical formulas can help you too, because you can visualize the grammar. Draw spider grams to organize vocabulary
MUSICAL
Listen to lots of songs in English. Write down words and phrases you understand.
KINESTHETIC
Ask you teacher tol et you do role-plays. Acting out the language can help you remember it.
I can swim Can I swim? Yes, I can I can
Tu atencion por favor...
En inglés existe un grupo de verbos DEFECTIVOS (también llamados MODALES) -muy usados en el lenguaje corriente- con el significado de poder, deber, querer.
Estos verbos poseen generalmente sólo el presente y el pasado, y presentan algunas características comunes:
1. Su infinitivo NUNCA va precedido de TO como los verbos comunes (to go, to read, to play, etc).
2. En las formas negativa e interrogativa se comportan como el verbo auxiliar to be que ya has aprendido.
3. No toman la s en la tercera persona del singular del presente (he, she, it).
4. Siempre les sigue un verbo en infinitivo sin to.
El verbo defectivo que estas estudiando es el verbo can. Veamos..
CAN significa poder, ser capaz de, saber (tener capacidad física o conocimiento suficiente para hacer algo). Se utiliza tanto para el afirmativo como para el interrogativo y SIN auxiliares:
Auxiliar can / can’t
Debido a que la t final de CAN'T no se pronuncia con fuerza, es posible que a veces creas estar escuchando CAN. La pronunciación de CAN'T nunca se reduce mientras que la de CAN suele reducirse en oraciones completas pero no en respuestas cortas. Observa con atención...
I can swim Can I swim? Yes, I can I can
Tu atencion por favor...
En inglés existe un grupo de verbos DEFECTIVOS (también llamados MODALES) -muy usados en el lenguaje corriente- con el significado de poder, deber, querer.
Estos verbos poseen generalmente sólo el presente y el pasado, y presentan algunas características comunes:
1. Su infinitivo NUNCA va precedido de TO como los verbos comunes (to go, to read, to play, etc).
2. En las formas negativa e interrogativa se comportan como el verbo auxiliar to be que ya has aprendido.
3. No toman la s en la tercera persona del singular del presente (he, she, it).
4. Siempre les sigue un verbo en infinitivo sin to.
El verbo defectivo que estas estudiando es el verbo can. Veamos...
CAN significa poder, ser capaz de, saber (tener capacidad física o conocimiento suficiente para hacer algo).
Se utiliza tanto para el afirmativo como para el interrogativo y SIN auxiliares:
He CAN play tennis
(Puede jugar tenis; Es capaz de jugar tenis; Sabe jugar tenis).
CAN he play tennis?
(¿Puede jugar tenis?; ¿Es capaz de jugar tenis?; ¿Sabe jugar tenis?).
CAN'T es la forma contracta o reducida de CANNOT (nunca se escribe separado):
He CAN'T play tennis = He CANNOT play tennis
(No puede jugar tenis; No es capaz de jugar tenis; No sabe jugar tenis).
COLOQUIALMENTE, SON MUY UTILIZADAS LAS FORMAS CORTAS:
Yes, she CAN
(Sí, puede hacerlo; Sí, es capaz de hacerlo; Sí, sabe hacerlo)
No, she CAN'T
(No, no puede hacerlo; No, no es capaz de hacerlo; No, no sabe hacerlo)
I can swim.
Can you swim very well?
Yes, I can. Puedo nadar.
¿Puedes nadar muy bien?
Sí, puedo.
You can swim.
Can I swim very well?
Yes, you can. Puedes nadar.
¿Puedo nadar muy bien?
Sí, puedes.
She can swim.
Can she swim very well?
Yes, she can. (Ella) Puede nadar.
¿Puede (ella) nadar muy bien?
Sí, (ella) puede.
Can he swim very well?
No, he can't. He can't swim. ¿Puede (él) nadar muy bien?
No, (él) no puede. (El) no puede nadar.
Can we swim very well?
No, we can't. We can't swim. ¿Podemos nadar muy bien?
No, no podemos. No podemos nadar.
Can they swim very well?
No, they can't. They can't swim.
¿Pueden (ellos / as) nadar muy bien?
No, (ellos / as) no pueden.
(Ellos / as) no pueden nadar.
Forma afirmativa: nombre o pronombre + verbo aux. modal can + verbo simple.
I can play.
He can swim.
El verbo Can no tiene infinitive (no existe to can), solo tiene presente (can)
Forma negativa: nombre o pronombre + verbo aux. modal can + not + verbo simple + complemento.
I can not play foot ball.
He can not swim.
Forma interrogativa: Verbo aux. modal can + nombre o pronombre + verbo simple + complemento.
Can I play foot ball?
Can he swim?
Elabora 5 oraciones en la forma afirmativa con el aux. modal can.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Elabora cinco oraciones negativas con el auxiliar modal can´t.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Elabora 5 oraciones interrogativas con el auxiliar modal can.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Which of the following sentences apply to you?
a) I can remember faces, but I can’t remember names.
b) I’m very athletic, but sometimes I have problems with school subjects.
C) I can remember things if read them.
d) I can remember things if read them.
Listen to the sentences and underline the stressed word in each. Then circle the correct option to complete (write) the sentences.
1. I can swim 2. I can’t swim.
The most important difference in pronunciation between can and can’t is…
a) The final t The word that is stressed.
Listen and repeat these sentences.
1. I can solve difficult Match problems. 3. She can sing well.
2. I can’t run very fast 4. He can’t play tennis.
Real world: I can do it.
• Work in groups of four.
• Use the ideas in the pictures to talk about your abilities.
A: I can speak English well B: I can’t play soccer.
Work in pairs. Ask about your partner’s abilities.
Guess his or her main intelligences.
A. Can you write poetry? B. Yes, I can./ No, I can’t.
Read these tips for language learning for the different intelligences. Say which strategies you think can help you
VERBAL
Write example sentences with new vocabulary words and gramar. Read as much as possible in English.
MATHEMATICAL
You like order and logical. Learn grammatical formulas and write and example for each formula . Organize new vocabulary lists.
VISUAL/SPATIAL
Grammatical formulas can help you too, because you can visualize the grammar. Draw spider grams to organize vocabulary
MUSICAL
Listen to lots of songs in English. Write down words and phrases you understand.
KINESTHETIC
Ask you teacher tol et you do role-plays. Acting out the language can help you remember it.
Likes and dislikes
Objective: The use of Like and dislike plus noun and verb.
The verbs "like and dislike" can be followed by a noun.
For example:
pronombre + like + Noun
I like apples
I like strawberries
They also can be followed by another verb.
For example:
I like swimming
I like dancing
Look at the pictures and complete (write) the sentences with the words in parenthesis. Then check your answers.
1. I _____________ (dancing, like, on weekends) ________________________________
2. The cheff doesn´t ______________ (cooking, American food, like)________________________________
3. Peter ______________ ( getting up, likes, late) __________________________________
4. He __________________ (his house, painting, dislikes ) ______________________
5. Simon____________(the guitar, playing, likes)______________________
6. I____________(repairing, dislike, my car)___________________________
7. Frank___________(light cigarrettes, likes, smoking)________________________
8. Charles___________(telephoning, likes, his friends)_________________________
9. My mother__________(dislikes, the dishes at night, washing)____________________
10. He____________( likes, swimming, in the Ocean)_________________________________
2. After classifying the words, write sentences with Like/dislike as you prefer. Then check your answers.
1.- ___________________________
2.- ___________________________
3.- __________________________
4.- ___________________________
5.- ___________________________
6.- ___________________________
7.- ___________________________
Hora de reflexionar:
Si después de elaborar los ejercicios no tienes ninguna duda !Felicidades!
Si no fue así, se te recomienda analizar el proceso de tu aprendizaje y reflexionar sobre la siguiente pregunta.
Sabes identificar un sujeto de un verbo en una oración en Inglés?
La respuesta a esta pregunta es clave para la comprensión de este tema.
Separa las siguientes palabras en dos listas y comprueba si sabes hacerlo.
The students, go, swim, read, Susan, study, my classmates, cat, drink.
Read and complete (write)witt like or dislikes
1 Favorite Color ________________________
2 Worst Color____________________________
3 Favorite Number________________________
4 Favorite Animal________________________
5 Least Favorite Animal__________________
6 Favorite Flower________________________
7 Favorite Food__________________________
8 Worst Food_____________________________
9 Favorite Junk Food ____________________
10 Worst Junk Food_______________________
11 Favorite Restaraunt___________________
12 Favorite Ice Cream Flavor_____________
13 Favorite Candy________________________
14 Favorite Genre of Music_______________
15 Favorite Radio Station________________
16 Favorite Band/Artist__________________
17 Worst Band/Artist_____________________
18 Favorite Song_________________________
19 Worst Song____________________________
20 Worst Genre___________________________
21 Favorite Book_________________________
22 Worst Book____________________________
23 Favorite Type of Movie________________
24 Worst Type of Movie___________________
24 Favorite Movie________________________
25 Worst Movie Ever______________________
26 Favorite TV Show _____________________
27 Worst TV Show ________________________
28 Favorite Season of the Year___________
29 Worst Season__________________________
30 Best Friend___________________________
31 Worst Enemy___________________________
32 Favorite Day of the Week______________
33 Least Favorite Day of the Week________
34 Favorite Sport________________________
35 Sport You Hate________________________
36 One thing you cant get enough of______
37 One thing you hate more than anything
_________________________________________
The verbs "like and dislike" can be followed by a noun.
For example:
pronombre + like + Noun
I like apples
I like strawberries
They also can be followed by another verb.
For example:
I like swimming
I like dancing
Look at the pictures and complete (write) the sentences with the words in parenthesis. Then check your answers.
1. I _____________ (dancing, like, on weekends) ________________________________
2. The cheff doesn´t ______________ (cooking, American food, like)________________________________
3. Peter ______________ ( getting up, likes, late) __________________________________
4. He __________________ (his house, painting, dislikes ) ______________________
5. Simon____________(the guitar, playing, likes)______________________
6. I____________(repairing, dislike, my car)___________________________
7. Frank___________(light cigarrettes, likes, smoking)________________________
8. Charles___________(telephoning, likes, his friends)_________________________
9. My mother__________(dislikes, the dishes at night, washing)____________________
10. He____________( likes, swimming, in the Ocean)_________________________________
2. After classifying the words, write sentences with Like/dislike as you prefer. Then check your answers.
1.- ___________________________
2.- ___________________________
3.- __________________________
4.- ___________________________
5.- ___________________________
6.- ___________________________
7.- ___________________________
Hora de reflexionar:
Si después de elaborar los ejercicios no tienes ninguna duda !Felicidades!
Si no fue así, se te recomienda analizar el proceso de tu aprendizaje y reflexionar sobre la siguiente pregunta.
Sabes identificar un sujeto de un verbo en una oración en Inglés?
La respuesta a esta pregunta es clave para la comprensión de este tema.
Separa las siguientes palabras en dos listas y comprueba si sabes hacerlo.
The students, go, swim, read, Susan, study, my classmates, cat, drink.
Read and complete (write)witt like or dislikes
1 Favorite Color ________________________
2 Worst Color____________________________
3 Favorite Number________________________
4 Favorite Animal________________________
5 Least Favorite Animal__________________
6 Favorite Flower________________________
7 Favorite Food__________________________
8 Worst Food_____________________________
9 Favorite Junk Food ____________________
10 Worst Junk Food_______________________
11 Favorite Restaraunt___________________
12 Favorite Ice Cream Flavor_____________
13 Favorite Candy________________________
14 Favorite Genre of Music_______________
15 Favorite Radio Station________________
16 Favorite Band/Artist__________________
17 Worst Band/Artist_____________________
18 Favorite Song_________________________
19 Worst Song____________________________
20 Worst Genre___________________________
21 Favorite Book_________________________
22 Worst Book____________________________
23 Favorite Type of Movie________________
24 Worst Type of Movie___________________
24 Favorite Movie________________________
25 Worst Movie Ever______________________
26 Favorite TV Show _____________________
27 Worst TV Show ________________________
28 Favorite Season of the Year___________
29 Worst Season__________________________
30 Best Friend___________________________
31 Worst Enemy___________________________
32 Favorite Day of the Week______________
33 Least Favorite Day of the Week________
34 Favorite Sport________________________
35 Sport You Hate________________________
36 One thing you cant get enough of______
37 One thing you hate more than anything
_________________________________________
Presente continuo
El presente continuo
Ahora que conocemos el gerundio, estamos preparados para aprender los tiempos continuos; con los que vamos a poder a expresar ideas más complejas.
Esta lección de inglés está dedicada al presente continuo, tiempo verbal que expresa acciones del presente pero con ciertos matices que lo diferencian del presente simple.
Antes de ver como se usa el presente continuo, vamos a ver como se forma. Posteriormente veremos como negar este tiempo verbal y como formar preguntas con el mismo.
A continuación presentamos una tabla en donde se muestra la conjugación del presente continuo. A partir de esta tabla veremos como se forma este tiempo verbal.
Conjugación Inglés Español
1ª per. singular I am talking yo estoy hablando
2ª per. singular you are talking tú estás hablando
3ª per. singular he is talking she is talking It is talking él está hablando ella está hablando(para objetos)
1ª per. plural we are talking nosotros/as estamos hablando
2ª per. plural you are talking vosotros/as estais hablando
3ª per. plural they are talking ellos/as están hablando
Como ves, para formar el presente continuo utilizamos el verbo to be como auxiliar, y el verbo principal en gerundio. Lo importante es saber construir el gerundio, y una vez hecho esto, intercalar el verbo to be para utilizarlo como auxiliar.
Uso del presente continuo
Este tiempo verbal podemos usarlo para expresar distintas cosas; y en diferentes circunstancias:
Para referirnos a acciones que se están desarrollando en el mismo momento en el que se habla.
I am reading a book -> Yo estoy leyendo un libro (en este preciso instante)
Tambien utilizamos el presente continuo para describir cosas que suceden alrededor del momento al que estamos hablando.
She is studying English -> Ella está esstudiando inglés (no precisamente ahora)
Podemos usar el presente continuo para referirnos a acciones que se vienen produciendo con cierta frecuenca.
You are always working -> Estás siempre trabajando (lo hace frecuentemente)
Cuando hablamos de una acción del futuro que ya hemos decidido que vamos a desarrollar. En este caso debemos mencionar el tiempo en el que vamos a desarrollar dicha acción.
I am going to Madrid next week -> Voy a Madrid la semana que biene
Negación e interrogación del presente continuo
Para negar el presente continuo tenemos que colocar la partícula not entre el auxiliar y el verbo principal. Para hacer preguntas tenemos que poner primero el auxiliar y después el pronombre personal.
I am not eating now -> Yo no estoy comiendo ahora
Are you eating? -> ¿Estás comiendo?
Para que ejercites el Presente Continuo o Progresivo te ofrezco las siguientes oraciones donde debes colocar la forma correcta del verbo To Be y del verbo principal:
1. It .......... rain .......... in New York. Está lloviendo en Nueva York.
2.Mary.......... cook.......... in her house. Mary está cocinando en su casa.
3. Peter and Susan .......... play ......... in the beach. Peter y Susan están jugando en la playa.
4. My father .......... work .......... in the garden. Mi padre está trabajando en el jardín.
5. I .......... learn .......... French. Yo estoy aprendiendo francés.
6. You .......... .......... study ......... maths. Tú no estás estudiando matemáticas.
7. My sister .......... eat .......... at the restaurant. Mi hermana está comiendo en el restaurante.
8. We .......... enjoy .......... the party. Nosotros estamos disfrutando la fiesta.
9. They .......... .......... see .......... the pictures. Ellos no están viendo las fotografías.
10........... my mother talk .......... to Jane? ¿Está mi madre hablando a Jane?
11. The children .......... visit .......... the Zoo. Los niños están visitando el zoológico.
12. Mike .......... call .......... you. Mike te está llamando.
13. Robert and Alice .......... travel .......... to Europe. Robert y Alice están viajando a Europa.
14. The dog .......... sleep .......... in the street. El perro está durmiendo en la calle.
15. What .......... you do ..........? ¿Qué estás tu haciendo?
16. My grandfather .......... watch .......... T.V. Mi abuelo está mirando TV.
17. My friends .......... drink .......... at the bar. Mis amigos están bebiendo en el bar.
18. Lisa .......... paint .......... her house. Lisa está pintando su casa.
19. I .......... play .......... the guitar. Yo estoy tocando la guitarra.
20. The pupils .......... shout .......... in the park. Los alumnos están gritando en el parque.
Ejercicios: Presente Continuo - Interrogativo y Negativo
Completa las siguientes oraciones colocando el verbo en Presente Continuo. Luego tradúcelas al español y escribe su forma interrogativa y negativa. Observa el ejemplo:
Alice .... is .... show ..... ing ..... her hat.
Alice está mostrando su sombrero.
Is Alice showing her hat?
Alice is not showing her hat.
1. She .......... give .......... me a gift.
2. My father and my brother .......... paint .......... the house.
3. Joe .......... climb .......... the mountain.
4. They .......... eat .......... at the shopping center.
5. My grandmother .......... wear .......... a coat.
6. Meg and Brian .......... wait .......... for you.
7. The pupils .......... explain .......... the lesson.
8. My sister .......... buy .......... a red dress.
9. The secretary .......... write .......... a letter.
10. The maid .......... clean .......... the house.
11. The tourists .......... take .......... photographs.
12. They .......... repair .......... the car.
13. The dog and the cat .......... play .......... in the garden.
14. Peter and Tom .......... work .......... in a pet shop.
15. I .......... invite .......... you to my birthday party.
16. The kids .......... wash .......... the hands.
17. The doctor .......... talk .......... to the nurse.
18. My friends .......... open .......... a new store.
19. Max .......... send .......... you an e-mail.
20. I .......... stay .......... at the hotel.
Presente simple
El presente simple, también llamado del indicativo, es el tiempo verbal más simple del inglés. Se suele utilizar para hablar sobre hechos que constituyen hábitos o costumbres.
Se forma con la forma base del verbo del infinitivo. Este infinitivo consta de dos partículas: to y la forma base del verbo, así, por ejemplo, to eat es un infinitivo que significa comer.
Conozcamos en la siguiente tabla el presente del indicativo:
Conjugación Inglés Español
1ª per. singular I work yo trabajo
2ª per. singular you work tú trabajas
3ª per. singular he works she works It works él trabaja ella trabaja(para objetos).
1ª per. plural we work nosotros/as trabajmos
2ª per. plural you work vosotros/as trabajais
3ª per. plural they work ellos/as trabajan
La única dificultad escriba, como de costumbre, en la 3ª persona del singular; de hecho, esta 3ª persona es especial a la hora de conjugar verbos. Como regla general se añade s, aunque veremos que existen algunas excepciones.
Usos del presente simple:
Este tiempo verbal se utiliza para expresar hechos o verdades generales.
The Sun warms the atmosphere. -> El Sol calienta la armósfera.
También usamos el presente simple para hablar de hábitos; en este caso, en la oración suele aparecer expresiones de frecuencia, como usually o always.
We play tennis usually. -> Nosotros jugamos al tenis ocasionalmente.
You study always. -> Vosotros estudiais siempre.
Tambien lo usamos para expresar horarior o programas (como el programa de un espectáculo teatral).
The train leaves in an hour. -> El tren llega en una hora.
Reglas ortográficas para la 3ª persona del singular
Como regla general, a la forma verbal de la 3ª persona del singular se le añade s; no obstante, existen unas cuantas reglas para una serie de formas verbales que son especiales:
1.- Cuando el verbo acaba ya en s, o en un sonido parecido como sh, ch o x:
watch -> watches (mirar) dash -> dashes (arrojar)
2.- Cuando el verbo acaba en o, también se añade es:
go -> goes (ir) do -> does (hacer)
3.- Cuando el verbo acaba en y, y a ésta le precede una consonante, tenemos que cambiar la y por i, para a continuación añadir es:
fly -> flies (volar) study -> studies (estudiar)
Observa que estas reglas ortográficas son las mismas que se aplican para formar el plural. También son las que se usan para formar otros tiempos verbales, por lo que una vez que las aprendas tendrás mucho ganado.
There is/There are
RULES:
1. Use there IS for singular nouns (one item).
2. Use there IS for non-count items(group nouns).
3. Use there ARE for many items (plural nouns).
There is a spider on the wall.
There is milk on the floor.
There are pencils on my desk.
Listen and complete (write) the conversation.
Sandra: What time is it?
Jeff: __________________________________
Sandra: I’m hungry! Is there a snack bar near here?
Jeff: Yes, there is.
Sandra: How far is it?
Jeff: About_____________________________
Sandra: Great. Let’s go!
Listen and complete the table.
Yes, there is No. there isn’t How far is it?
Is there a movie theater near here?
Is there a DVD rental store?
Is there a shopping mall?
Use the conversation prior to complete (write) the conversation.
A: Is________a movie theater________the snack bar? B:Yes, there is.
A: How _________is it? B: It’s about_____________________.
A: And is there a ________________? B: No, there isn’t.
Portafolio de evidencias: Near your house.
• Make a list of five interesting or useful places near your house (a DVD rental store, a supermarket, etc.)
• Work in pairs:vFind out if your partner has the same places near his or her house.
Is there a … near your house? How far is it?
There’s a new shopping mall on Park Street.
There are two enormous department stores and a big supermarket. There’s a fantastic movie theater (with twelve screens), five banks and a good gym. There are seven excellent restaurants and there are lots of interesting stores, including a big music store.
All this and easy parking, too!
Come visit us!
Answer the questions.
1. How many department stores are there?_______________________
2. How many banks are there? ________________________________
3. Is there a music store? ________________________________
4. Is there a supermarket? _______________________________
Complete the sentences with there is/ there are.
1. There ______________lots of stores
2. How many restaurants__________ _____________
3. ___________there a Mexican restaurant?
4. There __________ seven restaurants.
5. __________is a movie theater.
6. There __________a gym.
Game: Group memory.
• Play in small groups. Read the ad the Park Street.
• Close your book and make sentences about the mall. Use There’s a … and There are…
• The group with the greatest number of correct sentences wins.
There is (der is) (hay) = se usa para expresar que algo o alguien existe (singular).
There are (der ar) = se usa para expresar que muchas cosas o personas existen (plural).
Ex:
There is a chair in the classroom.
(der is a che..r in de clasrum)
(hay una silla en el salón de clases)
There are 20 persons there
(der ar 20 persons der).
(hay 20 personas allí)
"there is" and "there are" se derivan de "there be (der bi) (haber "de existir")".
+) there is a table in your house.
--) there isnot a table in your house.
?) Is there a table in your house?.
+) there are 10 students in the class.
--) there aren´t 10 students in the class.
?) Are there 10 students in the class?.
Cuando "there be" se combina o se fusiona con "going to be", forman la siguiente expresión:
There is going to be (der is gouing tu bi) (va a haber...) = singular.
There are going to be (der ar gouing tu bi) (va a haber...) = plural.
Ex:
there is going to be an action movie on the cinema.
(der is gouing tu bi an acshion muvi on de cinema)
(va a haber una película de acción en el cinema)
there are going to be 10 students in this class.
(der ar gouing tu bi 10 students in dis clas)
(va a haber 10 estudiantes en esta clase)
Complete the following dialogue:
1) Hello!, What is _________(tu) name?.
2) __________(mi) name is _______________.
1) Are you and _________(tus) parents from mexico?.
2) Yes, they _______ (son) from mexico.
1) Are _________(tus) friends from Veracruz city?.
2) No, they _________(no son).
Complete these sentences:
_________(sus) names are ____________________________.
Is ________(tu) name mary?. Is _______(su) name Fred?.
Are _______(nuestras) houses nice and expensive?.
_________(son) Angel and Susan _______(sus) names?.
I want you to be ______(mi) friend.
This english course is _____(de) Omar Ali Caldela.
My parents´ house ____(es) very nice.
Monica is going to kiss ________(su) boyfriend.
_______(son) these _______(tus) friends?.
_______(hay) a nice town near here.
_______(hay) many pets around here.
1. Use there IS for singular nouns (one item).
2. Use there IS for non-count items(group nouns).
3. Use there ARE for many items (plural nouns).
There is a spider on the wall.
There is milk on the floor.
There are pencils on my desk.
Listen and complete (write) the conversation.
Sandra: What time is it?
Jeff: __________________________________
Sandra: I’m hungry! Is there a snack bar near here?
Jeff: Yes, there is.
Sandra: How far is it?
Jeff: About_____________________________
Sandra: Great. Let’s go!
Listen and complete the table.
Yes, there is No. there isn’t How far is it?
Is there a movie theater near here?
Is there a DVD rental store?
Is there a shopping mall?
Use the conversation prior to complete (write) the conversation.
A: Is________a movie theater________the snack bar? B:Yes, there is.
A: How _________is it? B: It’s about_____________________.
A: And is there a ________________? B: No, there isn’t.
Portafolio de evidencias: Near your house.
• Make a list of five interesting or useful places near your house (a DVD rental store, a supermarket, etc.)
• Work in pairs:vFind out if your partner has the same places near his or her house.
Is there a … near your house? How far is it?
There’s a new shopping mall on Park Street.
There are two enormous department stores and a big supermarket. There’s a fantastic movie theater (with twelve screens), five banks and a good gym. There are seven excellent restaurants and there are lots of interesting stores, including a big music store.
All this and easy parking, too!
Come visit us!
Answer the questions.
1. How many department stores are there?_______________________
2. How many banks are there? ________________________________
3. Is there a music store? ________________________________
4. Is there a supermarket? _______________________________
Complete the sentences with there is/ there are.
1. There ______________lots of stores
2. How many restaurants__________ _____________
3. ___________there a Mexican restaurant?
4. There __________ seven restaurants.
5. __________is a movie theater.
6. There __________a gym.
Game: Group memory.
• Play in small groups. Read the ad the Park Street.
• Close your book and make sentences about the mall. Use There’s a … and There are…
• The group with the greatest number of correct sentences wins.
There is (der is) (hay) = se usa para expresar que algo o alguien existe (singular).
There are (der ar) = se usa para expresar que muchas cosas o personas existen (plural).
Ex:
There is a chair in the classroom.
(der is a che..r in de clasrum)
(hay una silla en el salón de clases)
There are 20 persons there
(der ar 20 persons der).
(hay 20 personas allí)
"there is" and "there are" se derivan de "there be (der bi) (haber "de existir")".
+) there is a table in your house.
--) there isnot a table in your house.
?) Is there a table in your house?.
+) there are 10 students in the class.
--) there aren´t 10 students in the class.
?) Are there 10 students in the class?.
Cuando "there be" se combina o se fusiona con "going to be", forman la siguiente expresión:
There is going to be (der is gouing tu bi) (va a haber...) = singular.
There are going to be (der ar gouing tu bi) (va a haber...) = plural.
Ex:
there is going to be an action movie on the cinema.
(der is gouing tu bi an acshion muvi on de cinema)
(va a haber una película de acción en el cinema)
there are going to be 10 students in this class.
(der ar gouing tu bi 10 students in dis clas)
(va a haber 10 estudiantes en esta clase)
Complete the following dialogue:
1) Hello!, What is _________(tu) name?.
2) __________(mi) name is _______________.
1) Are you and _________(tus) parents from mexico?.
2) Yes, they _______ (son) from mexico.
1) Are _________(tus) friends from Veracruz city?.
2) No, they _________(no son).
Complete these sentences:
_________(sus) names are ____________________________.
Is ________(tu) name mary?. Is _______(su) name Fred?.
Are _______(nuestras) houses nice and expensive?.
_________(son) Angel and Susan _______(sus) names?.
I want you to be ______(mi) friend.
This english course is _____(de) Omar Ali Caldela.
My parents´ house ____(es) very nice.
Monica is going to kiss ________(su) boyfriend.
_______(son) these _______(tus) friends?.
_______(hay) a nice town near here.
_______(hay) many pets around here.
Adjetivos demostrativos
Adjetivos demostrativo. La formas de los adjetivos demostrativos son las siguientes:
this,these that,those, that, those
(nearby) (far away)
masculino singular este ese aquel
femenino singular esta esa aquella
masculino plural estos esos aquellos
femenino plural estas esas aquellas
1. Los adjetivos demostrativos son los que muestran o señalan cualquier persona, lugar u objeto (sustantivos).
Demonstrative adjectives show or point out any person, place, or thing (noun).
Todos los libros de español son buenos, pero yo prefiero este libro. All Spanish books are good, but I prefer this book.
2. Los adjetivos demostrativos concuerdan en género y número con el sustantivo que modifican y generalmente están antes de dicho sustantivo. Demonstrative adjectives agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify, and they generally precede them.
esta casa nueva this new house
aquellos árboles grandes those big trees (far away)
This arrow / Esta flecha That star / Aquella estrella
Los adjetivos demostrativos ingleses son:
a.) This (este, esta) These (estos, estas)
b.) That ( aquel, aquella) Those (aquellos, aquellas)
En inglés, solamente encontramos dos grados de proximidad. This, que se utiliza para designar las cosas o personas relativamente cercanas y that, para las más alejadas.
This puede utilizarse también para presentarse a uno mismo (no personalmente) o para presentar a un tercero.:
Hello. This is Craig. / Hola. Soy Craig (En una conversación telefónica)
· Paul, this is Helen / Paul, ésta es Helen
· Hello, Helen. Pleased to meet you / Hola Elena. Encantado de conocerte.
· Hello / Hola
- This también se emplea coloquialmente para empezar un relato o para indicar el tamaño de algo:
This is the story of Ma Baker.... / Esta es la historia de Ma Baker...
A man this fat / Un hombre así de gordo
- This / that / these / those pueden preceder a un sustantivo o ir solos.
This restaurant is expensive / Este restaurante es caro
This is an expensive restaurant / Éste es un restaurante caro
- That sirve para indicar algo que ha ocurrido o algo que alguien ha dicho.
That was a wonderful film / Ha sido una pelicula maravillosa.
You're an engineer, aren't you?; Yes, that's right / Es usted ingeniero, ¿no? ;Si, exacto
- Like this.... like that (así, de este modo, de ese modo)
Don't do it like that. Do it like this / No lo hagas así. Hazlo así (de esta otra forma)
- Pon 'this' o 'these'
This car is expensive. (singular)
These books are cheap. (plural)
1. - ? - this these men are from Spain.
2. - ? - this these foot is dirty.
3. - ? - this these scissors are very sharp.
4. - ? - this these children don't have any parents.
5. - ? - this these mouse is broken.
- Pon 'that' o 'those'
Those ladies are from Mexico. (plural)
That leaf is from New Zealand. (singular)
1. - ? - that those roofs are made of wood.
2. - ? - that those box is empty.
3. - ? - that those trousers are made in China.
4. - ? - that those men are waiting for the bus.
5. - ? - that those tomato is very big.
Preposiciones de lugar
Preposiciones de lugar
• En inglés se utilizan diversas preposiciones para referirse a un lugar; entre las más frecuentes destacamos:
In Dentro
On Sobre
At Junto a
• La preposición "in" indica dentro de un lugar:
In my room En mi habitación
In my pocket En mi bolsillo
• Se suele utilizar también cuando nos referimos a países o ciudades:
The concert is in Madrid. El concierto es en Madrid
This match took place in Spain. Este partido se celebró en España
• "On" indica sobre un lugar:
On the table Sobre la mesa
On my book Sobre mi libro
• Hay expresiones muy usuales que se construyen con "on":
On the left A la izquierda
On the right A la derecha
On the fifth floor En el quinto piso
• La preposición "at" se utiliza normalmente para indicar "junto a, al lado de":
At the bed Junto a la cama
At the bridge Junto al puente
• Pero hay una serie de lugares que suelen ir acompañados de la preposición "at", incluso cuando estamos dentro de los mismos:
At home En casa
At the university En la universidad
At work En el trabajo
At the airport En el aeropuerto
At the bus station En la estación de autobuses
• También se utiliza "at" para referirnos a acontecimientos:
At the exposition En la exposición
At the meeting En la evaluacion
At the conference En la conferencia
on sobre
in dentro de
Above/
over encima de
under debajo de
in front of delante de
behind detrás de
beside
near
next to al lado de, cerca de, junto a
between entre
among entre
Escribe en el espacio la preposición que corresponda:
1. The teacher is_______ the paltaform.
2. The book is ______ the table.
3. The calendar is______ the wall.
4. The boys are _____ the clasroom.
5. A pencil is _____ the box.
6. The wastebasket is _____the corner.
7. A student is ____________ the teacher.
8. The girl is _________the door.
9. The boy is __________ the door.
10. The pupils are ___________ the blackboard.
Contesta oralmente estas preguntas.
1. Where is your teacher? -Our teacher is far from the door.
2. Is she near the door? No, she is not.
3. Are you far from the windows? No, i am not.
4. Are the student in front of the door? - No, they are not
5. Are they on the paltaform? No, they are not.
6. Are the book on the plataform? No, it is not.
7. Is the eraser on the desk? Yes, it is.
8. Is the wastebasket near the door? No, it is not.
9. Is the chair far from the table? No, it is near the table.
10. Is the map near the calendar? No, it is not.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jE5NMRNAAs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mxDvaryY8M4
Preposiciones de tiempo "at, on, in"
Preposiciones de tiempo "at, on, in"
• Se utiliza la preposición "at" para referirnos a horas y a momentos puntuales del día:
At 10 o'clock A las diez en punto
At midnight A media noche
• También se utiliza "at" con algunas expresiones de tiempo:
At Christmas En navidades
At present Actualmente
At the moment En este momento
At the weekend En el fin de semana
• La preposición "on" se utiliza con días de la semana y con fechas:
On Monday El lunes
On my birthday El día de mi cumpleaños
On the 10th of April El 10 de abril• La preposición "in" se utiliza con meses:
In January En enero
In the previous month En el mes anterior
• También se utiliza "in" con las estaciones del año:
In summer En verano
In winter En invierno
In autumn En otoño
In spring En primavera
• Así como con periodos más largos de tiempo:
In this century En este siglo
In the 60's En los años 60's
• Y con algunas expresiones temporales que se refieren a periodos del día (salvo con "night"):
In the morning Por la mañana
In the afternoon Al medio día
In the evening Por la tarde
At night Por la noche
• En la siguiente expresión se puede utilizar tanto "on" como "in", pero el significado varía:
On time En el momento justo (ni antes, ni después)
In time Con tiempo suficiente.
Artículos definidos (the) e indefinidos (a, an)
Artículo indefinido a y an un, una.
Se usa a antes de sonido de consonante:
A table, a uniform.
Usa an antes de sonido vocálico:
An orange, an honest boy.
Aprende a usar el artículo definido the (el, la, los, las)The para:
• Femenino: the girl.
• Masculino: the boy.
• Neutro: the desk.
The para:
Sngular: the boy.
plural: the boys
the (con sonido da) para:
• House
• Box
• Boxuniversity.
(Antes de sonido consonante)
The (con sonido di) para:
• Orange
• Honest man
• Umbrella
(Antes de sonido vocal)
Exploring Grammar
Escribe estas palabras anteponiendo the a cada una. Cuidando las pronunciación del artículo.
1. ________table.
2. ________péncil.
3. ________girls
4. ________hour
5. ________pen
6. ________chairs
7. ________books
8. ________teachers
9. ________student
10. ________orange
11. ________things
12. ________apples
13. ________desks
14. ________boy
15. ________box
16. ________unbrella
17. ________notebook
18. ________blackboard
19. ________elephant
20. ________insect
21. ________university
22. ________uniform
23. ________honest man
24. ______ house.
Escribe antes de cada nombre: This is a… or This is an …
1. _________________book
2. _________________umbrella
3. _________________table
4. _________________apple
5. _________________house
6. _________________student
7. _________________piece of chalk
8. _________________honest man
9. _________________uniform
10. _________________notebook
11. _________________elephant
12. _________________man
13. _________________woman
14. _________________chair
15. _________________orange
16. _________________desk
17. _________________university
18. _________________teacher
19. _________________box
20. _________________house
21. _________________insect
22. _________________pencil
23. _________________hour
24. ______________blackboard
Listen and repeat.
The alphabet
Aa Hh Oo Vv
Bb Ii Pp Ww
Cc Jj Qq Xx
Dd Kk Rr Yy
Ee Ll Ss Zz
Ff Mm Tt
Gg Nn Uu
Ask and answer questions in pair, as in the example.
A: What’s this? A: What color is it?
B: It’s a book B: It’s brown.
Listen and repeat. Count from 1-20 in turns.
1 one
2 two
3 three
4 four
5 five
6 six
7 seven
8 eight
9 nine
10 ten
11 eleven
12 twelve
13 thirteen
14 fourteen
15 fifteen
16 sixteen
17 seventeen
18 eighteen
19 nineteen
20 twenty
Portafolio de evidencias.
Read and match the words with colors.
There are so many colors,
We see them every day.
The sky is blue, the grass is green
The clouds are white or gray.
The world is full of colors,
It’s wonderful to see.
Lovely bright colors,
Look at them with me.
Flowers are red or orange,
Yellow, pink or blue.
I want to take the flowers
And give them all to you.
Complete the rules with a or an.
______ball
______cap
____ice cream cone
_____umbrella
_____snake
____apple
____horse
_____goldfish
_____rabbit
____parrot
Se usa a antes de sonido de consonante:
A table, a uniform.
Usa an antes de sonido vocálico:
An orange, an honest boy.
Aprende a usar el artículo definido the (el, la, los, las)The para:
• Femenino: the girl.
• Masculino: the boy.
• Neutro: the desk.
The para:
Sngular: the boy.
plural: the boys
the (con sonido da) para:
• House
• Box
• Boxuniversity.
(Antes de sonido consonante)
The (con sonido di) para:
• Orange
• Honest man
• Umbrella
(Antes de sonido vocal)
Exploring Grammar
Escribe estas palabras anteponiendo the a cada una. Cuidando las pronunciación del artículo.
1. ________table.
2. ________péncil.
3. ________girls
4. ________hour
5. ________pen
6. ________chairs
7. ________books
8. ________teachers
9. ________student
10. ________orange
11. ________things
12. ________apples
13. ________desks
14. ________boy
15. ________box
16. ________unbrella
17. ________notebook
18. ________blackboard
19. ________elephant
20. ________insect
21. ________university
22. ________uniform
23. ________honest man
24. ______ house.
Escribe antes de cada nombre: This is a… or This is an …
1. _________________book
2. _________________umbrella
3. _________________table
4. _________________apple
5. _________________house
6. _________________student
7. _________________piece of chalk
8. _________________honest man
9. _________________uniform
10. _________________notebook
11. _________________elephant
12. _________________man
13. _________________woman
14. _________________chair
15. _________________orange
16. _________________desk
17. _________________university
18. _________________teacher
19. _________________box
20. _________________house
21. _________________insect
22. _________________pencil
23. _________________hour
24. ______________blackboard
Listen and repeat.
The alphabet
Aa Hh Oo Vv
Bb Ii Pp Ww
Cc Jj Qq Xx
Dd Kk Rr Yy
Ee Ll Ss Zz
Ff Mm Tt
Gg Nn Uu
Ask and answer questions in pair, as in the example.
A: What’s this? A: What color is it?
B: It’s a book B: It’s brown.
Listen and repeat. Count from 1-20 in turns.
1 one
2 two
3 three
4 four
5 five
6 six
7 seven
8 eight
9 nine
10 ten
11 eleven
12 twelve
13 thirteen
14 fourteen
15 fifteen
16 sixteen
17 seventeen
18 eighteen
19 nineteen
20 twenty
Portafolio de evidencias.
Read and match the words with colors.
There are so many colors,
We see them every day.
The sky is blue, the grass is green
The clouds are white or gray.
The world is full of colors,
It’s wonderful to see.
Lovely bright colors,
Look at them with me.
Flowers are red or orange,
Yellow, pink or blue.
I want to take the flowers
And give them all to you.
Complete the rules with a or an.
______ball
______cap
____ice cream cone
_____umbrella
_____snake
____apple
____horse
_____goldfish
_____rabbit
____parrot
Verbo to have
Oraciones afirmativas, negaritva e interrogativas.
FORMA AFIRMATIVA DEL VERBO TO-HAVE
I have He, tengo
You have Tienes, usted tiene
He has Él tiene
She has Ella tiene
It has Tiene(animal o cosa)
We have Tenemos
You have Ustedes tienen
They have Ellos / ellas tienen
EN LA FORMA NEGATIVA
SE AÑADE EL NOT A LA FORMA AFIRMATIVA
I have not No he, no tengo
You have not No tienes, usted no tiene
He has not Él no tiene
She has not Ella no tiene
It has not No tiene (animal o cosa)
We have not No tenemos
You have not Ustedes no tienen
They have not Ellos / ellas no tienen
EN LA FORMA INTERROGATIVA DEL VERBO HAVE SE INVIERTE EL ORDEN DE LA FRASE AFIRMATIVA.
ES DECIR, EL VERBO SE PONE ANTES QUE EL SUJETO.
EN INGLÉS AMERICANO SE USA, EN VEZ DE LA FORMA INTERROGATIVA,.
Have i ? Tengo?
Have you ? Tienes? Tiene usted?
Has he ? Tiene (él) ?
Has she ? Tiene ( ella) ?
Has it ? Tiene (animal o cosa) ?
Have we ? Tenemos ?
Have you ? Tienen ustedes ?
Have they ? Tienen ellos / ellas ?
Have you a pen? Tienes una pluma?
Have you a blke? Tienes una bicicleta?
Has he a car? Tiene él un coche?
En inglés americano se usa, en vez de la forma interrogativa que hemos visto, have en todas las personas precedido por do o does en la tercera persona del singular.
Do I have? Tengo?
Do you have? Tienes? Tiene usted?
Does he has? Tiene (él) ?
Does she has? Tiene ( ella) ?
Does it has? Tiene (animal o cosa) ?
Do we have? Tenemos ?
Do you have? Tienen ustedes ?
Do they have? Tienen ellos / ellas ?
Do you have a pen? Tienes una pluma?
Do you have a bike? Tienes una bicicleta?
Does he have a car? Tiene él un coche?
Exploring Grammar.
Completa las siguientes oraciones, con has o have, según corresponda en forma afirmativa, negativa o interrogativa
Afirmativa
He __________ an orange juice.
She __________ a dog.
You __________ a doll.
We __________ some pens and copybook.
Negativa
He __________ __________ an orange juice.
She __________ __________ a dog.
You __________ ___________ a doll.
We __________ ___________ some pens and copybook.
Interrogativa
Do you __________money?
Do you _________ shoeses?
Does he ________ a car ?
Does she ________a telephone?
Do our __________ a house ?
Do you __________a t.v.?
Do they _________ many dogs?
Read and ask some teachers questions about his or her job
1. Do you have to work in the summer?
2. Do you have to work overtime?
3. Do you have to go to many meetings?
4. Do you have to bring your lunch or dinner to school?
5. Do all the teachers have to observe your classes?
6. Does your boss have to observe your classes?
7. Does the school have to stay open in the summer?
8. Do the teachers have to punch a time clock?
In your notebook, write two more questions to ask other persons.
Listen and repeat.
1. We have to get married in the summer
2. They have to reserve a hall.
3. The bird has to find a gown.
4. The groom has to rent buy the ring.
5. Do you have to rent a limousine?
6. Do they have to go on a honeymoon?
7. Does she have to wear white?
8. Does he have to pay for the reception?
FORMA AFIRMATIVA DEL VERBO TO-HAVE
I have He, tengo
You have Tienes, usted tiene
He has Él tiene
She has Ella tiene
It has Tiene(animal o cosa)
We have Tenemos
You have Ustedes tienen
They have Ellos / ellas tienen
EN LA FORMA NEGATIVA
SE AÑADE EL NOT A LA FORMA AFIRMATIVA
I have not No he, no tengo
You have not No tienes, usted no tiene
He has not Él no tiene
She has not Ella no tiene
It has not No tiene (animal o cosa)
We have not No tenemos
You have not Ustedes no tienen
They have not Ellos / ellas no tienen
EN LA FORMA INTERROGATIVA DEL VERBO HAVE SE INVIERTE EL ORDEN DE LA FRASE AFIRMATIVA.
ES DECIR, EL VERBO SE PONE ANTES QUE EL SUJETO.
EN INGLÉS AMERICANO SE USA, EN VEZ DE LA FORMA INTERROGATIVA,.
Have i ? Tengo?
Have you ? Tienes? Tiene usted?
Has he ? Tiene (él) ?
Has she ? Tiene ( ella) ?
Has it ? Tiene (animal o cosa) ?
Have we ? Tenemos ?
Have you ? Tienen ustedes ?
Have they ? Tienen ellos / ellas ?
Have you a pen? Tienes una pluma?
Have you a blke? Tienes una bicicleta?
Has he a car? Tiene él un coche?
En inglés americano se usa, en vez de la forma interrogativa que hemos visto, have en todas las personas precedido por do o does en la tercera persona del singular.
Do I have? Tengo?
Do you have? Tienes? Tiene usted?
Does he has? Tiene (él) ?
Does she has? Tiene ( ella) ?
Does it has? Tiene (animal o cosa) ?
Do we have? Tenemos ?
Do you have? Tienen ustedes ?
Do they have? Tienen ellos / ellas ?
Do you have a pen? Tienes una pluma?
Do you have a bike? Tienes una bicicleta?
Does he have a car? Tiene él un coche?
Exploring Grammar.
Completa las siguientes oraciones, con has o have, según corresponda en forma afirmativa, negativa o interrogativa
Afirmativa
He __________ an orange juice.
She __________ a dog.
You __________ a doll.
We __________ some pens and copybook.
Negativa
He __________ __________ an orange juice.
She __________ __________ a dog.
You __________ ___________ a doll.
We __________ ___________ some pens and copybook.
Interrogativa
Do you __________money?
Do you _________ shoeses?
Does he ________ a car ?
Does she ________a telephone?
Do our __________ a house ?
Do you __________a t.v.?
Do they _________ many dogs?
Read and ask some teachers questions about his or her job
1. Do you have to work in the summer?
2. Do you have to work overtime?
3. Do you have to go to many meetings?
4. Do you have to bring your lunch or dinner to school?
5. Do all the teachers have to observe your classes?
6. Does your boss have to observe your classes?
7. Does the school have to stay open in the summer?
8. Do the teachers have to punch a time clock?
In your notebook, write two more questions to ask other persons.
Listen and repeat.
1. We have to get married in the summer
2. They have to reserve a hall.
3. The bird has to find a gown.
4. The groom has to rent buy the ring.
5. Do you have to rent a limousine?
6. Do they have to go on a honeymoon?
7. Does she have to wear white?
8. Does he have to pay for the reception?
Adjetivos calificativos.
Los adjetivos calificativos se usan generalmente antes del nombre o sustantivo, no cambiando de forma con el número (singular o plural), utilizando también el verbo to-be, son los que nos dicen como es el sustantivo.
1. How many diligent students are there in your class?
2. Where are the diligent students?
3. What is there on my clean desk?
4. How many dirty windows are there in this classroom?
5. Where are the dirty papers?
Exploring Grammar.
Lee estas oraciones colocando el adjetivo calificativo en el lugar que le corresponde.
1. Henry is a big boy.
2. Mary is a girl.
3. Fred is a student.
4. Mr. Jones is in the classroom.
5. This is a window.
6. This is a box.
7. This box is big.
8. This boy is Mike.
9. This book is not on my desk.
10.There is a store in the corner.
(bright)
(big)
(fine)
(large)
(dirty)
(pretty)
(clean)
(nice)
(good)
(big)
Fill the blank with the adjectives.
Montreal is a beautiful city in Canada. It’s a very modern city with friendly people.
There are lots of _________ buildings in Montreal. The streets are _________________
And there are squares with __________statues. There are lots of museums, nice cafes and restaurants, too.
Portafolio de evidencias.
Write a short article about San Francisco. Use the notes below.
San Francisco is a beautifull city in the U.S. It’s an old city with friendly people.
There are…
San Francisco is a … for a vacation.
Washington, D.C.
Is the capital of the us.
It is a big city.
There are of things to see in Washington,D.C.
The National Mall is very popular with tourist.
There is a statue of Abraham Lincoln there, the Lincoln Memorial, and a very beautiful monument, the Washington Monument.
The Capitol is a very busy place. It is a famous for its beautiful dome.
Georgetown is a famous area in Washington,D.C.
There are lots of old houses and also lots of restaurants there.
The White House is where the President of the U.S. lives. It is very big and beautiful.
Washington,D.C. is a wonderful city. It is a great place for a trip.
Read again and complete the sentences
1. The __________________of the US is Washington,DC.
2. The statue of Abraham Lincoln is in ______________________________________
3. There are lots of _____________________________in Georgetown.
4. The US President live in _______________________________________________
Portafolio de evidencias: Make a poster of you country’s capital city.
Write:
• Name
• What there is there?
• Your opinion about the place.
Portafolio de evidencias.
Write a short paragraph about things you have in your bedroom.
Choose the capital.
1. Illinois A Chicago B Springfield
2. Texas A Houston B Austin
3. MassachusettsA Boston B Salem
4. Arizona A Tuscon B Phoenix
5. California A Los Angeles B Sacramento
6. Florida A Tallahassee B Miami
7. Ohio A Akron B Columbus
8. New York A New York cityB Albany
9. Washington A Olympia B Seattle
10.Pennsylvania A Harrisburg B Philadelphia
Portafolio de evidencias:
Write a description of one of the other people in the school.
1. How many diligent students are there in your class?
2. Where are the diligent students?
3. What is there on my clean desk?
4. How many dirty windows are there in this classroom?
5. Where are the dirty papers?
Exploring Grammar.
Lee estas oraciones colocando el adjetivo calificativo en el lugar que le corresponde.
1. Henry is a big boy.
2. Mary is a girl.
3. Fred is a student.
4. Mr. Jones is in the classroom.
5. This is a window.
6. This is a box.
7. This box is big.
8. This boy is Mike.
9. This book is not on my desk.
10.There is a store in the corner.
(bright)
(big)
(fine)
(large)
(dirty)
(pretty)
(clean)
(nice)
(good)
(big)
Fill the blank with the adjectives.
Montreal is a beautiful city in Canada. It’s a very modern city with friendly people.
There are lots of _________ buildings in Montreal. The streets are _________________
And there are squares with __________statues. There are lots of museums, nice cafes and restaurants, too.
Portafolio de evidencias.
Write a short article about San Francisco. Use the notes below.
San Francisco is a beautifull city in the U.S. It’s an old city with friendly people.
There are…
San Francisco is a … for a vacation.
Washington, D.C.
Is the capital of the us.
It is a big city.
There are of things to see in Washington,D.C.
The National Mall is very popular with tourist.
There is a statue of Abraham Lincoln there, the Lincoln Memorial, and a very beautiful monument, the Washington Monument.
The Capitol is a very busy place. It is a famous for its beautiful dome.
Georgetown is a famous area in Washington,D.C.
There are lots of old houses and also lots of restaurants there.
The White House is where the President of the U.S. lives. It is very big and beautiful.
Washington,D.C. is a wonderful city. It is a great place for a trip.
Read again and complete the sentences
1. The __________________of the US is Washington,DC.
2. The statue of Abraham Lincoln is in ______________________________________
3. There are lots of _____________________________in Georgetown.
4. The US President live in _______________________________________________
Portafolio de evidencias: Make a poster of you country’s capital city.
Write:
• Name
• What there is there?
• Your opinion about the place.
Portafolio de evidencias.
Write a short paragraph about things you have in your bedroom.
Choose the capital.
1. Illinois A Chicago B Springfield
2. Texas A Houston B Austin
3. MassachusettsA Boston B Salem
4. Arizona A Tuscon B Phoenix
5. California A Los Angeles B Sacramento
6. Florida A Tallahassee B Miami
7. Ohio A Akron B Columbus
8. New York A New York cityB Albany
9. Washington A Olympia B Seattle
10.Pennsylvania A Harrisburg B Philadelphia
Portafolio de evidencias:
Write a description of one of the other people in the school.
Adjetivos posesivos
Adjetivos posesivos (indican posesión)
My = mío
Your = tuyo, suyo
His = suyo (de él)
Her = suyo (de ella)
Its = suyo (neutro)
Our = nuestro
Your = suyo (de usted, de ustedes)
Their = suyo ( de ellos)
1. Completa las frases que están a la derecha con el adjetivo posesivo correspondiente al pronombre personal indicado.
I
________________ BOOK
________________ BOOKS
________________ HOUSE
________________ HOUSES
YOU
________________ FRIEND
________________ FRIENDS
________________ NAME
________________ NAMES
HE
_________________ DOG
_________________ DOGS
_________________ DESK
_________________ DESKS
SHE
________________TEACHER
________________TEACHERS
________________CAR
________________CARS
WE
________________CHAIR
________________CHAIRS
________________UNIFORM
________________UNIFORMS
THEY
________________SCHOOL
________________SCHOOLS
________________CLASS
________________CLASSES
UNDERLINE THE POSSESSIVES ADJECTIVES IN THE CONVERSATION.
Liz: Let’s see the picture. Oh, who’s he? He’s good looping!
Laura: That’s my brother Sergio.
Liz: How old is he?
Laura: He’s 20. He’s at collage in mexico.
Liz: Too bad! And who’s she?
Laura: She’s my little sister Lety. She’s 13. And here are our cousins Mario and Sandra. Their mother is our father’s sister.
Jason: And are these your grandparents’
Laura: Yes. They’re our father’s parents. They live in Guadalajara.
Circle the correct form
1. His/He is my brother. 3. They’re her/hers cousins.
2. This is our/we’re sister, Susan.
4. She is they/their mother.
5. Are they your/yours sisters?
6. He is my/me brother.
Work in pairs.
A: Describe your family tree.
B: Draw your partner’s family tree. Then change roles.
A. Miguel is my grandfather and Lourdes is my grandmother.
They’re my mother’s parents. My mother’s name is…
Check your partner’s work.
Match the countries (1-12) Listen and check your answers.
1. Italy a) German
2. Canada b) British
3. Brazil c) Chinese
4. Turkey d) Greek
5. Poland e) Portuguese
6. Britain f) Brazilian
7. US g) Argentinian
8. China h) Canadian
9. Greece i) Turkish
10. Argentina j) Italian
11. Germany k) Polish
12. Portugal l) American
Read & Listening
Principal: Good morning, class. This is Mr. Hammond. He’s your new teacher.
Mr. Hammond: Good morning, class.
Class. Good morning sr.
Student A: Where are you from, Mr. Hammond?
Mr. Hammond: I’m from Portland,Oregon.
Student B: Where’s that?
Mr. Hammond: It’s in the U.S.
Read the first three sentences.
Where is Mr. Hammond? ________________________________________
What is his job?______________________________________________
What nationality is Mr Hammont? ______________________________
1. Karl-Berlin- Germany.
2. Bianca-Milan- Italy.
3. Pedro & Catalina- Sao Paulo- Brazil.
4. Astrid –Bergen- Norway.
5. Lee-Beijing-China.
6. Vidonia-(27)- Portugal.
7. Chuck. (59). U.S.
8. Olga-(21) México.
9. Momoko & Hiro-(32) Japan
Responde las preguntas con la información anterior.
A: Where’s karl from?
B: He’s from Berlin
A. Berlin? Where’s thath?
B: It’s in Germany.
A: How old is Vidonia?
B: She’s 27
A: Wath nationality is she?
B: She’s Portuguese.
Portafolio de evidencias.
Present yourself to the class, Say your name, your age and your nationality.
Listen and repeat. In turns, count from 21-100
21 twenty- one 26 twenty-six 40 forty 90 ninety
22 twenty-two 27 twenty-seven 50 fifty 100 a hundred
(one hundred)
23 twenty- three28 twenty-eight 60 sixty 1000 a thousand
(One thousand)
24 twenty-four 29 twenty-nine 70 seventy
25 twenty-five 30 thirty 80 eighty
Portafolio de evidencias:
The celebrity Poster. Attach pictures of famous people onto a piece of paper. Write each person’s name,age, and nationality.
Exploring Grammar
Completa la segunda oración con el adjetivo posesivo que corresponde al sujeto de la primera oración.
1. Mary is my friend.
2. Joe is a young boy.
3. The students are bright.
4. I am a good boy.
5. Betty and Alice are pretty girls.
6. You are a good student.
7. Helen and i are friends.
8. You are good students.
9. Jack is a policeman.
10. The dog is big.
______mother is my teacher.
______father is in the office.
______class is interesting.
______books are not on the floor.
______mother is a nice lady.
______books are clean.
______desks are near the teacher.
______sentences are correct.
______dog is useful.
______name is prince.
My = mío
Your = tuyo, suyo
His = suyo (de él)
Her = suyo (de ella)
Its = suyo (neutro)
Our = nuestro
Your = suyo (de usted, de ustedes)
Their = suyo ( de ellos)
1. Completa las frases que están a la derecha con el adjetivo posesivo correspondiente al pronombre personal indicado.
I
________________ BOOK
________________ BOOKS
________________ HOUSE
________________ HOUSES
YOU
________________ FRIEND
________________ FRIENDS
________________ NAME
________________ NAMES
HE
_________________ DOG
_________________ DOGS
_________________ DESK
_________________ DESKS
SHE
________________TEACHER
________________TEACHERS
________________CAR
________________CARS
WE
________________CHAIR
________________CHAIRS
________________UNIFORM
________________UNIFORMS
THEY
________________SCHOOL
________________SCHOOLS
________________CLASS
________________CLASSES
UNDERLINE THE POSSESSIVES ADJECTIVES IN THE CONVERSATION.
Liz: Let’s see the picture. Oh, who’s he? He’s good looping!
Laura: That’s my brother Sergio.
Liz: How old is he?
Laura: He’s 20. He’s at collage in mexico.
Liz: Too bad! And who’s she?
Laura: She’s my little sister Lety. She’s 13. And here are our cousins Mario and Sandra. Their mother is our father’s sister.
Jason: And are these your grandparents’
Laura: Yes. They’re our father’s parents. They live in Guadalajara.
Circle the correct form
1. His/He is my brother. 3. They’re her/hers cousins.
2. This is our/we’re sister, Susan.
4. She is they/their mother.
5. Are they your/yours sisters?
6. He is my/me brother.
Work in pairs.
A: Describe your family tree.
B: Draw your partner’s family tree. Then change roles.
A. Miguel is my grandfather and Lourdes is my grandmother.
They’re my mother’s parents. My mother’s name is…
Check your partner’s work.
Match the countries (1-12) Listen and check your answers.
1. Italy a) German
2. Canada b) British
3. Brazil c) Chinese
4. Turkey d) Greek
5. Poland e) Portuguese
6. Britain f) Brazilian
7. US g) Argentinian
8. China h) Canadian
9. Greece i) Turkish
10. Argentina j) Italian
11. Germany k) Polish
12. Portugal l) American
Read & Listening
Principal: Good morning, class. This is Mr. Hammond. He’s your new teacher.
Mr. Hammond: Good morning, class.
Class. Good morning sr.
Student A: Where are you from, Mr. Hammond?
Mr. Hammond: I’m from Portland,Oregon.
Student B: Where’s that?
Mr. Hammond: It’s in the U.S.
Read the first three sentences.
Where is Mr. Hammond? ________________________________________
What is his job?______________________________________________
What nationality is Mr Hammont? ______________________________
1. Karl-Berlin- Germany.
2. Bianca-Milan- Italy.
3. Pedro & Catalina- Sao Paulo- Brazil.
4. Astrid –Bergen- Norway.
5. Lee-Beijing-China.
6. Vidonia-(27)- Portugal.
7. Chuck. (59). U.S.
8. Olga-(21) México.
9. Momoko & Hiro-(32) Japan
Responde las preguntas con la información anterior.
A: Where’s karl from?
B: He’s from Berlin
A. Berlin? Where’s thath?
B: It’s in Germany.
A: How old is Vidonia?
B: She’s 27
A: Wath nationality is she?
B: She’s Portuguese.
Portafolio de evidencias.
Present yourself to the class, Say your name, your age and your nationality.
Listen and repeat. In turns, count from 21-100
21 twenty- one 26 twenty-six 40 forty 90 ninety
22 twenty-two 27 twenty-seven 50 fifty 100 a hundred
(one hundred)
23 twenty- three28 twenty-eight 60 sixty 1000 a thousand
(One thousand)
24 twenty-four 29 twenty-nine 70 seventy
25 twenty-five 30 thirty 80 eighty
Portafolio de evidencias:
The celebrity Poster. Attach pictures of famous people onto a piece of paper. Write each person’s name,age, and nationality.
Exploring Grammar
Completa la segunda oración con el adjetivo posesivo que corresponde al sujeto de la primera oración.
1. Mary is my friend.
2. Joe is a young boy.
3. The students are bright.
4. I am a good boy.
5. Betty and Alice are pretty girls.
6. You are a good student.
7. Helen and i are friends.
8. You are good students.
9. Jack is a policeman.
10. The dog is big.
______mother is my teacher.
______father is in the office.
______class is interesting.
______books are not on the floor.
______mother is a nice lady.
______books are clean.
______desks are near the teacher.
______sentences are correct.
______dog is useful.
______name is prince.
Wh questions words
WH QUESTION WORDS
Había una vez una familia de hermanas mayores que eran periodistas. En cualquier evento siempre estaban presentes para saber qué sucedía. Las integrantes de esta familia se llamaban:
Ellas vivían en una casa muy especial puesto que sus acabados consistían en el signo de interrogación. Por ejemplo: la aldaba era un signo de interrogación; en su jardín la fuente tenía forma de signo de interrogación, incluso los barrotes de las ventanas eran signos de interrogación, ¡imagínense que hasta la forma de los pájaros y las flores eran signos de interrogación!.
Cuando alguien tocaba la puerta WHO salía y preguntaba: “¿quién es? Who is it? Cuando sucedía un evento periodístico, cada quien sabía qué preguntar.
Por ejemplo en un bautizo…
WHO IS THE BABY? WHEN WAS HE BORN?
WHERE WAS HE BORN? WHAT IS HIS NAME?
WHICH IS HIS FAVOURITE TOY? WHY IS HE CRYING?
Un día estaban las hermanas en su casa leyendo uno de sus reportajes y en ese momento sonó la puerta RIIINNNGGG, y ¿quién creen que fue a preguntar quién era? Claro fue WHO y ¿cómo preguntó? Por supuesto Who is it?
Se asomó por la ventana y no vio a nadie. Volvieron a tocar RIIIINNGGG, y entonces apareció una palabra desconocida en la puerta y se acercaron las demás hermanas para interrogarla, “¿qué creen que hayan preguntado?
(POSIBLES RESPUESTAS DE LOS ALUMNOS)
Who are you? Where are you from? What is your name?
Y luego la palabra que estaba afuera saludó y dijo:” How are you?¿cómo están?” “soy su prima y me llamo HOW (¿Cómo?)” quisiera que me permitieran vivir con ustedes porque también soy una palabra interrogativa.
Las hermanas periodistas se reunieron para deliberar y ver si le permitían entrar porque su nombre no empezaba con W, aunque HOW argumentaba que su sonido era similar y que su significado era CÓMO y que les sería muy útil para sus reportes periodísticos pues con ella podrían hacer otro tipo de preguntas que enriquecerían su trabajo.
En el momento que fue aceptada, la palabra HOW silbó (pedirle a un alumno que silbe) y de repente aparecieron otras cuatro palabritas compuestas:
HOW MUCH ¿CUÁNTO? (NO CONTABLES)
HOW MANY ¿CUÁNTOS? (CONTABLES)
HOW LONG ¿DURANTE CUANTO TIEMPO?
HOW OFTEN ¿QUÉ TAN A MENUDO? ¿CON QUÉ FRECUENCIA?
Qué sorpresa se llevaron las periodistas, aceptaron a una y llegaron cinco. HOW dijo: “es que son mis hijitas” … y no las puedo dejar solitas.
Explicaron cada una su función y fueron bienvenidas a la familia y vivieron muy felices por siempre.
Colorín colorado este cuento se ha acabado.
Elabora un dibujo de la casa “WH QUESTION WORDS” y escribir en su cuaderno
lo que más les haya interesado del cuento.
A : ________ ___________ people are there in your family? How many
B: There are four. How much
A: _________ do they live? When
B: They live in Oaxtepec, Morelos. Where
A: _________ does your father do? What
B: He is a High School teacher. Why
A: __________ do you usually visit your family? When
B: I usually visit them during the weekend. Where
A: __________ ___________ does it take you to get to Oaxtepec? How long
B: Two hours. How many
Portafolio de evidencias.
Find a picture of yourself. Stick it on a piece of paper. Then, write a small paragraph about yourself.
Listen and repeat
A: Hello. I’m Rick Johnson. What’s your name?
B: My name’s Bill Martyn.
A: How do you spell that?
M-A-R-T-I-N?
B: No, M-A-R-T-Y-N.
A. And how old are you, Bill?
B: I’m twelve. And you?
A: I´m thirteen.
Portafolio de evidencias:
Write a short text about yourself and your dog.
Listening: Listen and repeat.
a) What is Mary’s brother’s name?
b) Look at the picture and complete the dialogues (1-4)
1. A: Who’s he? 3. A: Who’s she?
B: He’s Mary’s dad B: She’s Mary’s _________.
A): What’s his name? A): What’s her name?
B: His name is David B: Her _____________
2. A: Who’s she? 4. A: Who’s he?
B: She’s Mary’s mom. B: He’s Mary’s ________
A): What’s her name? A): What’s __________?
B: Her name __________ B: ________________
Ask and answer questions, as in the example:
1. Who’s David?____________________________
2. He’s Mary’s dad. Who’s Linda?____________________________
3. She’s______________________________
Complete the table. Then present yourself and your family to the class.
My name: ________________________
Age: ____________________________
Mom: ____________________________
Brother (name, age):_____________
_________________________________
Sister (name, age):______________
_________________________________
Reading
A) Read the letter. What is wrong with it?
B) Rewrite the letter and wreite the capital letters
Capital Letters:
We use a capital letter for:
• The first word in a sentence. He’s twelve.
Names.
The personal pronoun “I”.
• I’M Sally and I’m nine years old.
• Days of the week. Monday
• Nationalities:
• Canadian.
dear carl,
hello! My name’s Leslie. i am twelve years old.
this is a picture of me and family.
this is a picture of me and my family.
this is my mom, ann, and my dad,fred, my brother,
gary, is ten years old.
my pet rabbit, hoppy, is white. she is eight
years old.
that is all about me. what about you?
your new friends,
leslie.
Portafolio de evidencias:
Write a letter to you pen.
Verbo to be
Verbo to be en oraciones afirmativas, negativas e interrogativas.
I am
You are
He is
She is
It is
You are
We are
They are
Oraciones afirmativas: Sujeto+ Verbo To Be+ Complemento.
1. Henry IS a big boy.
2. Mary IS a girl.
3. Fred IS a student.
4. Mr. Jones IS in the classroom.
5. This IS a window.
6. This IS a box.
7. This box IS big.
8. This boy IS Mike.
9. This book IS on my desk.
10. There IS a store in the corner.
Oraciones negativas: Sujeto + Verbo To Be+ Negación + Complemento.
1. Henry is NOT a big boy.
2. Mary is NOT a girl.
3. Fred is NOT a student.
4. Mr. Jones is NOT in the classroom.
5. This is NOT a window.
6. This is NOT a box.
7. This box is NOT big.
8. This boy is NOT Mike.
9. This book is NOT on my desk.
10. There is NOT a store in the corner.
Oraciones interrogativas: Verbo To Be + Sujeto+ Complemento.
1. Is Henry a big boy?
2. Is Mary a girl?
3. Is Fred a student?
4. Is Mr. Jones in the classroom?
5. Is this a window?
6. Is this a box?
7. Is this box a big?
8. Is this boy Mike?
9. Is this book on my desk?
10.Is there a store in the corner?
Exploring Grammar
Look and complete the table:
LONG FORM SHORT FORM
I 1.____________ I’m
YOU 2.____________ You’re
HE
SHE
IT 3.____________ ’s
WE
YOU
THEY 4. ____________ ’re
Complete the sentences with am, is, or are
1. They _______twenty years old.
2. It ______ a pencil sharpener.
3. Hi. I______Amy.
4. You ______eight
5. They _______friends.
6. It ______ a parrot.
7. He _______two years old.
8. We _______ friends.
9. She _______Alison.
10. He _______ my brother.
I am
You are
He is
She is
It is
You are
We are
They are
Oraciones afirmativas: Sujeto+ Verbo To Be+ Complemento.
1. Henry IS a big boy.
2. Mary IS a girl.
3. Fred IS a student.
4. Mr. Jones IS in the classroom.
5. This IS a window.
6. This IS a box.
7. This box IS big.
8. This boy IS Mike.
9. This book IS on my desk.
10. There IS a store in the corner.
Oraciones negativas: Sujeto + Verbo To Be+ Negación + Complemento.
1. Henry is NOT a big boy.
2. Mary is NOT a girl.
3. Fred is NOT a student.
4. Mr. Jones is NOT in the classroom.
5. This is NOT a window.
6. This is NOT a box.
7. This box is NOT big.
8. This boy is NOT Mike.
9. This book is NOT on my desk.
10. There is NOT a store in the corner.
Oraciones interrogativas: Verbo To Be + Sujeto+ Complemento.
1. Is Henry a big boy?
2. Is Mary a girl?
3. Is Fred a student?
4. Is Mr. Jones in the classroom?
5. Is this a window?
6. Is this a box?
7. Is this box a big?
8. Is this boy Mike?
9. Is this book on my desk?
10.Is there a store in the corner?
Exploring Grammar
Look and complete the table:
LONG FORM SHORT FORM
I 1.____________ I’m
YOU 2.____________ You’re
HE
SHE
IT 3.____________ ’s
WE
YOU
THEY 4. ____________ ’re
Complete the sentences with am, is, or are
1. They _______twenty years old.
2. It ______ a pencil sharpener.
3. Hi. I______Amy.
4. You ______eight
5. They _______friends.
6. It ______ a parrot.
7. He _______two years old.
8. We _______ friends.
9. She _______Alison.
10. He _______ my brother.
Los pronombres personales.
Para empezar a conocer el inglés, te presentamos los pronombres personales (personal pronouns). Son estos:
SUBJECT
PRONOUNS
I
YOU
HE
SHE
IT
YOU
WE
THEY
Pronuncia estas frases en las que hay un pronombre personal en cada una:
I am twenty-nine years old. (Yo tengo veintinueve años).
You live in Barcelona (Tú vives en Barcelona).
She has got a dog (Ella tiene un perro).
He makes the bed every morning (Él hace la cama cada día).
It runs inside the house (Ello, el perro, el gato corre dentro de la casa).
We sing a good song at the disco (Nosotros cantamos una canción buena en la discoteca).
They write an e-mail to the teacher (Ellos escriben un correo electrónico al profesor).
Exploring Grammar.
1. Translate the pronouns into your language
singular Plural
I WE
YOU YOU
HE THEY
SHE
2. Circle the correct pronoun
1. This is Tim, Jose and Meg.It/They are fifteen.
2. This is Sue. She/He is sixteen.
3. My name is Rosa. We/I am eleven.
4. This is Tony. He/They is twelve.
5. This is me and Ann. I/We are thirteen.
6. This is Pete. He/She is twenty.
7. This is John and Tim. He/They are my friends.
8. This is me. I/We am eighteen.
9. This is me and friend Danny. We/They Are fifteen.
10. This is Ashley.She/He is my cousin.
SUBJECT
PRONOUNS
I
YOU
HE
SHE
IT
YOU
WE
THEY
Pronuncia estas frases en las que hay un pronombre personal en cada una:
I am twenty-nine years old. (Yo tengo veintinueve años).
You live in Barcelona (Tú vives en Barcelona).
She has got a dog (Ella tiene un perro).
He makes the bed every morning (Él hace la cama cada día).
It runs inside the house (Ello, el perro, el gato corre dentro de la casa).
We sing a good song at the disco (Nosotros cantamos una canción buena en la discoteca).
They write an e-mail to the teacher (Ellos escriben un correo electrónico al profesor).
Exploring Grammar.
1. Translate the pronouns into your language
singular Plural
I WE
YOU YOU
HE THEY
SHE
2. Circle the correct pronoun
1. This is Tim, Jose and Meg.It/They are fifteen.
2. This is Sue. She/He is sixteen.
3. My name is Rosa. We/I am eleven.
4. This is Tony. He/They is twelve.
5. This is me and Ann. I/We are thirteen.
6. This is Pete. He/She is twenty.
7. This is John and Tim. He/They are my friends.
8. This is me. I/We am eighteen.
9. This is me and friend Danny. We/They Are fifteen.
10. This is Ashley.She/He is my cousin.
Producciones lingüísticas.
Saludos y despedidas: hello, hi, good morning, good afternoon, good evening, give me five. good bye, bye, see you, see you later, so long, good night, etc.
Permisos: May I come in? May I go out? May I to the restroom? May I wash my hands? May I drink some water? May I write the date? etc.
Negociación de significado: Sorry?, repeat please. Excuse me?, What does .............. mean?, What´s the meaning of ..............?, How do you say ............. in English?, etc.
Instrucciones: Open your book at page ........, stand up, sit down, be quiet please, work in pairs, work in groups of three/five, mingle around, find someone who, read, write, listen, guess, underline, cir- cle, match, complete, etc.
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